This is the most comprehensive association analysis of children’s attendance at Steiner schools in connection to the incidence of a number of diseases in adulthood. Our results show that the frequency of the most widespread diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma in people who attended Steiner schools does not differ with respect to adults who attended a public state school in childhood. However, allergic rhinitis and osteoarthritis have a lower incidence in patients who attended Steiner schools, which was established with the additional optimization of the analysis’ parameters which could lead to erroneous results and which include social and demographic variables and characteristics of lifestyle in childhood. It is interesting that we found a stronger connection of the parameters of the general health status, including different forms of pain, insomnia, imbalance and various symptoms of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract which were significantly rarer among the participants of Steiner schools compared to those who attended other schools. To our knowledge this is the first time that a link between a particular pedagogical framework in childhood and health status later in life has been shown. However, our results should be interpreted cautiously considering that the presented analysis is a research and may contain certain deviations which cannot be excluded. In the future, the welfare of Steiner schools and the anthroposophic lifestyle should be explored in prospective studies, preferably from early childhood with sufficient data on the respondents in adulthood as well. The health condition and diseases should be monitored at regular intervals and where possible with the help of objective measurements. In order to measure the effects of Steiner schools on health and health perception, special emphasis should be placed on the comparability of groups in terms of social and economic status and education. One possible strategy is the selection of control subjects who have attended other specialized schools and which are similar to children who attended Steiner schools. However, the data obtained from the parents are still crucial for studies, in particular the data for children which assesses the elements of lifestyle, such as diet, outdoor physical activity as well as the exposure to the factors in and out of school. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0073135